Effects of Interleukin-17A on Osteogenic Differentiation of Isolated Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells

OBJECTIVES Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by defective bone repair and excessive destruction and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) by increased ectopic bone formation with syndesmophytes. Since TNF-α and IL-17A are involved in both diseases, this study investigated their effects on the osteogenic differentiation of isolated human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). METHODS Differentiation of hMSCs into osteoblasts was induced in the presence or absence of IL-17A and/or TNF-α. Matrix mineralization (MM) was evaluated by alizarin red staining and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. mRNA expression was measured by qRT-PCR for bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 and Runx2, genes associated with osteogenesis, DKK-1, a negative regulator of osteogenesis, Schnurri-3 and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL), associated with the cross talk with osteoclasts, and TNF-α receptor type I and TNF-α receptor type II (TNFRII). RESULTS TNF-α alone increased both MM and ALP activity. IL-17A alone increased ALP but not MM. Their combination was more potent. TNF-α alone increased BMP2 mRNA expression at 6 and 12 h. These levels decreased in combination with IL-17A at 6 h only. DKK-1 mRNA expression was inhibited by TNF-α and IL-17A either alone or combined. Supporting an imbalance toward osteoblastogenesis, RANKL expression was inhibited by TNF-α and IL-17A. However, TNF-α but not IL-17 alone decreased Runx2 mRNA expression at 6 h. In parallel, TNF-α but not IL-17 alone increased Schnurri-3 expression with a synergistic effect with their combination. This may be related to an increase of TNFRII overexpression. CONCLUSION IL-17 increased the effects of TNF-α on bone matrix formation by hMSCs. However, IL-17 decreased the TNF-α-induced BMP2 inhibition. Synergistic interactions between TNF-α and IL-17 were seen for RANKL inhibition and Schnurri-3 induction. Such increase of Schnurri-3 may in turn activate osteoclasts leading to bone destruction as in RA. Conversely, in the absence of osteoclasts, this could promote ectopic bone formation as in AS.